The mechanism of action of Echinacea Purpurea Extract mainly involves its modulation and enhancement of the immune system, as well as inhibition and removal of pathogens. The following is the detailed mechanism of action:
1. Immunomodulation
Enhancement of immune cell activity: The polysaccharide component in Echinacea Purpurea Extract can stimulate the receptors on the surface of T-lymphocytes and macrophages, thus increasing the activity and number of these immune cells. This helps the body to recognize and remove pathogens more effectively.
Promote the secretion of immune factors: Echinacea Purpurea Extract can also promote the secretion of tumor necrosis factor, interferon, interleukin and other immune factors by macrophages and other immune cells. These factors play a key role in the immune response and can further enhance the immune function of the body.
Improvement of humoral immune function: Echinacea Purpurea Extract can improve the humoral immune function of animals and promote the growth and development of immune organs by increasing the level of humoral antibody and the conversion rate of B lymphocytes in immune organs.
2. Antibacterial and antiviral effects
Inhibition of pathogen activity: Chicoric acid, caffeic acid derivatives and other components in Echinacea Purpurea Extract have antibacterial and antiviral activities. They inhibit the growth and reproduction of a wide range of bacteria and viruses, thereby reducing the risk of infection.
Blocking Viral Receptor Binding: Certain components in Echinacea Purpurea Extract inhibit the activity of hyaluronidase, which blocks viral receptor binding on the cell surface. This helps prevent viruses from entering cells and causing infections.
3. Anti-inflammatory effects
Inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators: Echinacea Purpurea Extract is able to inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators, such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. These inflammatory mediators play an important role in the inflammatory response, and inhibiting their release helps to reduce the inflammatory response.
Relieve symptoms of inflammation: By inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators and reducing the inflammatory response, Echinacea Purpurea Extract is able to relieve pain, swelling and other symptoms caused by inflammation.
4. Promote tissue repair and wound healing
Stimulate the growth of fibroblasts: Echinacea Purpurea Extract can stimulate the growth of fibroblasts and the synthesis of glucosaminidase, which helps promote tissue repair and wound healing.
Promote cell proliferation and differentiation: some components in Echinacea Purpurea Extract can also promote cell proliferation and differentiation, thus accelerating the wound healing process.
In summary, Echinacea Purpurea Extract exerts its pharmacological effects through a variety of mechanisms, such as enhancing the activity of immune cells, promoting the secretion of immune factors, inhibiting the activity of pathogens, hindering the binding of viral receptors, inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators, and promoting tissue repair and wound healing. These effects make Echinacea Purpurea Extract have a wide range of applications in the prevention and treatment of colds, flu, arthritis and other diseases, as well as the promotion of wound healing.